Category Archives: economics

Greg King – THE GHOST FOREST: Racists, Radicals, and Real Estate in the California Redwoods

In this edition of Forthright Radio our guest is journalist, author, environmentalist, Greg King. I first became aware of Greg’s work back in the late 1980s, when we who lived in the remnants of the once great redwood biome organized to protect what remained of that ecosystem from voracious predatory capitalists, who proudly vowed to “log to infinity.”

Greg King in All Species Grove 1987 (courtesy of Greg King)

Greg is the fifth generation of his family to live in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties of northern CA, – his ancestors having arrived in the 1860s and owned what was then one of the largest redwood mills, the King-Starrett mill in Monte Rio. The The King Range Mountains were named for his great-great uncle, John King, who lived north of Westport in Mendocino County, due to his hospitality to the government surveyor before his mapping that steep coastal range in the Lost Coast. Long before Greg was born, the last of the great redwood forests in Sonoma County were cut, but there were second growth stands and massive stumps of 20’ or greater diameter which served as his childhood playground. After graduating from UC Santa Cruz in 1985, he joined the staff of the West Sonoma County Paper, now called the Bohemian, where he won his first of two Lincoln Steffens Investigative Journalism Award.

Investigating Louisiana-Pacific’s “logging to infinity” in his neighborhood led him to the Maxxam Corporation’s hostile takeover, financed by junk bonds, of Humboldt County’s Pacific Lumber Company and the ensuing accelerated destruction of the last intact, ancient redwood groves in private hands to pay off the debt. Exploring these untouched forests with the largest, oldest trees on the planet inspired a reverence and awe unlike anything he had ever experienced. The rest, as they say, is history.

In his book, THE GHOST FOREST: Racists, Radicals, and Real Estate in the California Redwoods, he describes how he left his home and promising career to devote his life to identifying and protecting those few remaining giants and the biome centered on them. He is credited with mapping the remaining groves, including The Headwaters Forest, as well as pioneering tree sitting to prevent logging of redwoods in Humboldt County.

Greg King on traverse during a tree-sit in the middle of 1,000 acre All Species Grove, September 1987. Note sleeping platform on the tree in the background, tied under the lowest branch 150′ above the forest floor. (photo by Mary Beth Nearing, courtesy of Greg King)

What might have been merely a memoir became a shocking exposé of the all too successful efforts of financiers and industrialists via their creation of the Save the Redwoods League in 1917, to subvert the growing desire of the public to protect and preserve the remaining redwoods, by promoting instead small “beauty strips” along roadways to hide devastating clearcuts. As one of the first to delve into The League’s archives at U. C. Berkeley’s Bancroft Library, Greg followed the history back to the federal acts of the 19th century, that allowed well organized land fraud syndicates to place what had been 2 million acres of undisturbed ancient forests into private corporate hands. His research led him to the connections between the Save the Redwood League creators and the so-called “scientific racism” eugenics movement, which was so helpful to the Nazis in Germany, and which still plagues our nation even today.
We spoke with Greg King on October 18, 2023 via Skype.

In 1996 more than 8,000 people protested ancient redwood logging at the Pacific Lumber log deck along Yager Creek, in Humboldt County. More than 1,000 were arrested. It remains the largest single-day arrest number for an environmental protest in U.S. history. photo by Greg King

Articles pertinent to this interview:

America’s oldest example of greenwashing sacrificed California redwoods (Excerpt from THE GHOST FOREST) https://calmatters.org/commentary/2023/09/greenwashing-sacrificed-california-redwoods/

There Has Never Been A ‘Timber War’ https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=hjsr

A Car Bomb Nearly Kiilled Eco-Activist Judi Bari – and Yet the Feds Blamed Her (Excerpt from THE GHOST FOREST) https://www.thedailybeast.com/judi-bari-was-nearly-murdered-by-a-car-bomb-and-yet-the-feds-blamed-her

California’s Collusion with a Texas Timber Company Let Ancient Redwoods be Clearcut (Excerpt from THE GHOST FOREST) http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/185783

Can We Save the Redwoods by Helping Them Move? https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/magazine/redwoods-assisted-migration.html

Molly Conners: Butcher’s Crossing

On Wed., October 25, The Bozeman Film Society will be screening Butcher’s Crossing, which was filmed in just 19 days entirely in Montana, mostly on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. Glacier National Park and Nevada City in Madison County were also locations. We spoke with producer, Molly Conners, about Butcher’s Crossing and producing it here in Montana.

Molly Conners is founder and CEO of Phiphen, an independently owned film, television, and digital media company focused on producing creative, smart productions for a global audience. Her films have been Emmy nominated, and she has produced or executive produced 35 feature films over the last 15 years that have earned a total of 4 Academy Awards and 11 Academy Award nominations. Some of Molly’s notable credits include the 2014 Academy Award-winner BIRDMAN, the 2009 Academy Award-nominated FROZEN RIVER,  as well as the films: KILLER JOE,  THE IMMIGRANT, JOE, and RULES DON’T APPLY.

Her latest film, Butcher’s Creek, is based on the seminal 1960 novel of the same name by John Edward Williams, with a screenplay co-written by director, Gabe Polsky. An epic frontier adventure, Butcher’s Crossing, is a riveting commentary on human nature, ambition, masculinity, and man’s relationship to his natural environment. Academy Award winner Nicolas Cage stars in this tragedy about the last of the buffalo hunters in the Old West. Young greenhorn, Will Andrews, played by Fred Hechinger, has left his undergraduate life at Harvard to find adventure in the wild west. He teams up with Cage’s character, buffalo hunter, Miller, a taciturn frontiersman offering a hunt of an unprecedented number of buffalo for their pelts in a secluded valley in the Colorado Rockies. Their crew must survive an arduous journey, where the harsh elements will test everyone’s resolve, leaving their sanity on a knife’s edge.

We spoke with Molly Conners on October 13, 2023 via Skype.

Robert P. Jones THE HIDDEN ROOTS OF WHITE SUPREMACY and the Path to a Shared American Future

Robert P. Jones is the author of the book, THE HIDDEN ROOTS of WHITE SUPREMACY and the PATH to a SHARED AMERICAN FUTURE, published by Simon and Schuster.

His earlier award winning books include WHITE TOO LONG: THE LEGACY OF WHITE SUPREMACY IN AMERICAN CHRISTIANITY; THE END OF WHITE CHRISTIAN AMERICA; and PROGRESSIVE AND RELIGIOUS: HOW CHRISTIAN, JEWISH, MUSLIM AND BUDDHIST LEADERS ARE MOVING BEYOND THE CULTURE WARS AND TRANSFORMING AMERICAN PUBLIC LIFE.

In this latest book, he reminds us that the enslavement of Africans was not America’s original sin, but rather the continuation of a pattern of genocide and dispossession that began with the first European contact with the Indigenous peoples of this land. His reframing of America’s origins explores how the founders of the US could build a democratic society on the foundations of mass racial violence, and why this paradox survives today in the form of White Christian Nationalism. Through three stories from our history and current re-examination and reckonings by those living today, he has illuminated the possibility of a new American future in which we finally fulfill the promise of true democracy.

We spoke with him on September 20, 2023 via Skype.

Articles or videos pertinent to this interview:

Nearing Her 109th Birthday, and Still Waiting for Her Day in Court https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/07/us/tulsa-race-massacre-lawsuit-oklahoma-supreme-court.html

“Apocalypticism”: Polling expert reveals the root of “panic among conservative White Christians” https://www.salon.com/2023/11/06/apocalypticism-polling-expert-reveals-the-root-of-panic-among-conservative-christians/

The Embodiment of White Christian Nationalism in a Tailored Suit https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/opinion/mike-johnson-christian-nationalism-speaker.html

Man in MAGA Hat Charged at Protest Against Reinstallation of Statue Honoring Spanish Conquistador in Española, New Mexico https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/30/man-maga-hat-new-mexico-shooting-charged

Judge dismisses charges against activists accused of disrupting Enbridge Line 3 https://www.startribune.com/judge-dismisses-charges-against-activists-accused-of-disrupting-enbridge-line-3/600305634/

This Supreme Court’s dangerous vision of ‘history and tradition’ https://religionnews.com/2022/07/04/this-supreme-courts-dangerous-vision-of-history-and-tradition/

The Unmaking of the White Christian Worldview https://time.com/6102117/white-christian-americans-sins/

White American Christianity Needs to Be Honest About Its History of White Supremacy https://time.com/5929478/christianity-white-supremacy/

The call is coming from inside the house: White Christian churches as incubators of anti-democratic sentiment https://baptistnews.com/article/the-call-is-coming-from-inside-the-house-white-christian-churches-as-incubators-of-anti-democratic-sentiment/

Colorado mountain honoring governor who led Indigenous massacre renamed https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/16/colorado-mountain-renamed-blue-sky-indigenous-massacre

Joe Biden Is Going To Have To Talk About Leonard Peltier https://www.huffpost.com/entry/leonard-peltier-joe-biden-clemency-indigenous-rights_n_64e7737ae4b07a9e3f5bc6dc

Tribes Strike Historic Deal for Return of Children Buried at Residential School https://truthout.org/articles/tribes-strike-historic-deal-for-return-of-children-buried-at-residential-school/?utm_source=Truthout&utm_campaign=a596a5632b-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_3_20_2023_13_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_bbb541a1db-a596a5632b-651106009&mc_cid=a596a5632b

Artifacts from the Tulsa Race Massacre https://getpocket.com/explore/item/artifacts-from-the-tulsa-race-massacre?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-us

The Cure at Troy by Seamus Heaney https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiOaoOYNXpY

Look At Us (Peltier and AIM Song) – John Trudell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5szsygmZmY

John Trudell ” Religious vs Spiritual” Perception of Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbjzujo1Qx8

Naomi Oreskes THE BIG MYTH: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market

Naomi Oreskes is Henry Charles Lea Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University. A world renowned earth scientist, historian and public speaker, she is the author or co-author of nine books, including the best-selling book, Merchants of Doubt, and a leading voice on the role of science in society, the reality of anthropogenic climate change, and the role of disinformation in blocking climate action.

Her latest book, co-written with Erik Conway, is The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market,  published by Bloomsbury Press.

Articles pertinent to this interview:

‘It’s slavery for modern times’: how children of 12 toil in Colorado’s fields https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/sep/06/how-children-of-12-toil-in-colorado-san-luis-valley-farms

US ‘university’ spreads climate lies and receives millions from rightwing donors https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/06/prageru-climate-change-denier-republican-donors

Supreme Court backs Nestle, Cargill in child slave labor suit https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/17/supreme-court-ruling-child-slave-labor-495022

Prominent Anti-Trump Attorney Asks the Supreme Court to Let Companies off the Hook for Child Slavery https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/12/neal-katyal-supreme-court-nestle-cargill-child-slavery.html

Masters of Crowds: The Rise of Mass Social Engineering https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/masters-of-crowds-the-rise-of-mass-social-engineering/

Private equity profits from climate disaster clean-up – while investing in fossil fuels https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/07/private-equity-climate-crisis-disaster-cleanup

Broadcast of this interview on KZYX included this parody:

Fourteenth Amendment – Don Caron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJcW-BEpgGk

“Necessary to defend our republic”: Republicans sue to keep Trump off ballot in battleground state https://www.salon.com/2023/09/06/navy-secretary-slams-tuberville-for-aiding-and-abetting-communists-with-military-blockades/

Held v MT, Alliance for the Wild Rockies, Green Amendments for the Generations

The week beginning August 14th, 2023 has been historic for first rulings and actions for the environment and democracy. That morning, MT District Court Judge, Kathy Seeley, rendered her masterful 103 page closely reasoned and well cited verdict in the case of Held v MT, ruling that the 16 youth plaintiffs’ constitutional rights under the Montana State Constitution were being violated by the Montana government’s laws and practices, including amendments to the Montana Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) that specifically prohibited consideration of climate change in the granting of permits by the Dept of Environmental Quality.

Ann Hedges of MEIC

We spoke with Anne Hedges of the MT Environmental Information Center https://meic.org/, who testified in the case, as well as Claire Vlases, one of the youth Plaintiffs who testified.

Claire Vlases testifies as Judge Kathy Seeley listens intently

Then, on August 17, in The United States District Court for the District of Montana, Federal Judge Donald Molloy, rendered his judgment in favor of The Alliance for the Wild Rockies & Native Ecosystems Council suit against the US Forest Service, to protect the dwindling remnant grizzly bears population and  to stop the Black Ram massive old growth logging project in its tracks. https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/093-ORDER-Granting-MSJ-2023-08-17.pdf This is historic, because it’s the first time in the Federal Courts that climate change was cited in a ruling. We spoke with Mike Garrity of the Alliance for the Wild Rockies https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/ about that decision.

Mike Garrity

An update on the case from April 30, 2024:

Alliance stops 100 miles of roads and 5,000 acres of clearcuts on Montana’s public lands https://dailymontanan.com/2024/04/30/alliance-stops-100-miles-of-roads-and-5000-acres-of-clearcuts-on-montanas-public-lands/

Then, on Sunday, August 20th, Ecuador became the first country in history to restrict fossil fuel extraction through the citizen referendum process. Nearly 60% of Ecuadorian voters backed a binding referendum opposing oil exploration in Block 43, a section of Yasuní National Park, the most biodiverse area of the imperiled Amazon rainforest, which is home to uncontacted Indigenous tribes, as well as hundreds of bird species and more than 1,000 tree species.

Maya K. van Rossum

Finally, we spoke with Maya van Rossum, founder of Green Amendments for the Generations http://www.ForTheGenerations.org about her decades long efforts to secure Green Amendments in state constitutions nationwide.  According to van Rossum, currently only 3 states benefit from Green Amendment constitutional environmental rights — Montana, Pennsylvania and New York. In addition to leading the effort that secured New York’s Green Amendment just over 2 years ago, and being responsible for the litigation that brought strength to Pennsylvania’s amendment, van Rossum is working to pass Green Amendments in 15 other states with more getting in contact since hearing about the Held victory.

It is worth quoting the relevant parts of the Montana State Constitution, upon which Judge Seeley based her verdict.

Article II, Bill of Rights, Section 3, Inalienable Rights:

All persons are born free and have certain inalienable rights. They include the right to a clean and healthful environment and the rights of pursuing life’s basic necessities, enjoying and defending their lives and liberties, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and seeking their safety, health and happiness in all lawful ways. In enjoying these rights, all persons recognize corresponding responsibilities.

Article 9, Environment & Natural Resources, Section 1. Protection and improvement.

(1) The state and each person shall maintain and improve a clean and healthful environment in Montana for present and future generations.
(2) The legislature shall provide for the administration and enforcement of this duty.
(3) The legislature shall provide adequate remedies for the protection of the environmental life support system from degradation and provide adequate remedies to prevent unreasonable depletion and degradation of natural resources.

I recorded the entire proceedings and produced Daily Audio Digests. After the trial, I produced archived editions of each witness’s testimony, as well as closing arguments. Unlike the trial transcript, from which the plaintiffs’ witnesses’ pre-rebuttal testimony was stricken, in these archived recordings of their testimony is intact. Here are the links to those recordings in the order in which they occurred:

Mae Nan Ellingson http://kgvm.org/show/held-mae-nan-ellingson-testimony-6-12-23/

Ricki Held http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-ricki-held-testimony-6-12-23/

Dr. Steven Running http://kgvm.org/show/held-dr-steve-running-testimony-6-12-23/

Grace Gibson-Snyder http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-grace-testimony/

Eva http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-eva-testimony-6-12-23/

Dr. Cathy Whitlock http://kgvm.org/show/held-dr-cathy-whitlock-testimony-6-13-23/

Mica http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-mica-testimony-6-13-23/

Dr. Daniel Fagre http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-dr-dan-fagre-6-13-23/

Badger Busse http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-badge-testimony-6-13-23/

Dr. Lori Byron http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-dr-lori-byron-testimony-6-13-23/

Dr. Shane Doyle http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-shane-doyle-testimony-6-14-23/

Michael Durglo, Jr. http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-michael-durglo-jr/

Sariel Sandoval http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-sariel-sandoval-testimony-6-14-23/

Taleah Hernández http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-taleah-hernandez-testimony-6-14-23/

Georgianna Fischer http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-georgianna-fischer-testimony-6-14-23/

Kian Tanner http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-kian-tanner-testimony-6-15-23/

Anne Hedges http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-anne-hedges-testimony-6-15-23/

Claire Vlases http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-claire-vlases-testimony-6-15-23/

Peter Erickson http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-peter-erickson-testimony-6-15-23/

Mark Jacobson http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-mark-jacobson-testimony-6-16-23/

Olivia V. http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-olivia-v-testimony-6-16-23/

Dr. Lise Van Susteren http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-lise-van-susteren-testimony-6-16-23/

Lander Busse http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-lander-busse-testimony-6-16-23/

Christopher Dorrington & Sonja Nowakowski http://kgvm.org/show/held-v-state-of-montana-day-6-christopher-dorrington-sonja-nowakowski/

Sonja Nowakowski & Dr. Terry Anderson https://forthright.media/2023/06/20/held-v-state-of-montana-day-6-part-2-cross-examination-of-sonja-nowakowski-final-witness-dr-terry-anderson/

Closing Arguments https://forthright.media/2023/06/21/held-v-state-of-montana-day-7-closing-arguments/

Here are links to the Daily Audio Digests

Day 1 https://forthright.media/2023/06/13/held-v-state-of-montana-day-1-daily-digest/

Day 2 https://forthright.media/2023/06/14/held-v-state-of-montana-day-2-daily-digest/

Day 3 https://forthright.media/2023/06/15/held-v-state-of-montana-day-3-daily-digest/

Day 4 https://forthright.media/2023/06/16/held-v-state-of-montana-day-4-daily-audio-digest/

Day 4 https://forthright.media/2023/06/18/held-v-state-of-montana-day-4-daily-digest-peter-erickson/

Day 5 https://forthright.media/2023/06/17/held-v-state-of-montana-day-5-daily-digest-dr-lise-van-susteren-lander-busse/

Day 5 https://forthright.media/2023/06/18/held-v-state-of-montana-day-5-daily-digest-dr-mark-jacobson/

Day 6 https://forthright.media/2023/06/20/held-v-state-of-montana-day-6-daily-digest-christopher-dorrington-sonja-nowakowski/

Day 6 https://forthright.media/2023/06/20/held-v-state-of-montana-day-6-part-2-cross-examination-of-sonja-nowakowski-final-witness-dr-terry-anderson/

Bozeman Tenants United: Katie Fire Thunder & Olive Sohn

For the past couple of years Bozeman Tenants United has been meeting regularly to address and find solution to the high cost of housing here. We met with two members of the Bozeman Tenants United’s Steering Team, Katie Fire Thunder and Olive Nakano Sohn, to talk about their goals and perspectives. We spoke with them at the Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Bozeman on August 1, 2023.

Katie Fire Thunder
Olive Nakano Sohn

Articles pertinent to this interview:

City commissioners signal willingness to further restrict short-term rentals in Bozeman https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/city/city-commissioners-signal-willingness-to-further-restrict-short-term-rentals-in-bozeman/article_c8549bbe-36cb-11ee-b2d5-0bb06bb26a45.html

Bozeman commission to discuss short-term rentals, urban camping https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/city/bozeman-commission-to-discuss-short-term-rentals-urban-camping/article_819eccbc-32de-11ee-82f3-777504e4f146.html

Joey Morrison would bring energy to city commission https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/opinions/letters_to_editor/letter-to-the-editor-joey-morrison-would-bring-energy-to-city-commission/article_6cb6381e-271f-11ee-bdfe-239ab78d0980.html

Affordable housing project proposed for midtown Bozeman https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/city/affordable-housing-project-proposed-for-midtown-bozeman/article_27dbc57a-2d5e-11ee-96d5-432be21da6ac.html

Meet the Candidates: who’s running for Bozeman mayor? https://www.montanarightnow.com/bozeman/meet-the-candidates-whos-running-for-bozeman-mayor/article_38488516-1be2-11ee-acfd-0f8af90fea4a.html

‘Renters Are Struggling’: Economists Back Tenant-Led Push for Federal Rent Control https://www.commondreams.org/news/economists-rent-control

Held v State of Montana Claire Vlases & Georgi Fischer Testimony

Since the historic Held v. State of Montana trial began on June 12, 2023, in the Lewis and Clark County District Court in Helena, MT, Judge Kathy Seeley presiding, we have recorded and archived the audio testimony to preserve the record to inform our listeners, and allow you to hear for yourselves what transpired.

In this special Ecotones edition of Forthright Radio, we share the testimony of our own Bozeman youth plaintiffs, Claire Vlases and Georgianna “Georgi” Fischer.

For the first time in the United States, youth plaintiffs were able to present their case in a court of law, that their inalienable constitutional rights under Article II Section 3 of the Montana State Constitution “to a clean and healthful environment and the rights of pursuing life’s basic necessities, enjoying and defending their lives and liberties, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and seeking their safety, health and happiness in all lawful ways.” ….. were being denied and violated by the policies and actions of their government. Further, that The State was in violation of their responsibilities as required under Article IX, Environment and Natural Resources, Section 1. Protection and Improvement that “The state and each person shall maintain and improve a clean and healthful environment in Montana for present and future generations. Section 2. The legislature shall provide for the administration and enforcement of this duty. and Section 3. The legislature shall provide adequate remedies for the protection of the environmental life support system from degradation and provide adequate remedies to prevent unreasonable depletion and degradation of natural resources.”

Furthermore, the Montana State Constitution includes under Article II Declaration of Rights: Section 15. “Rights of persons not adults. The rights of persons under 18 years of age shall include, but not be limited to, all the fundamental rights of this Article unless specifically precluded by laws which enhance the protection of such persons.” It is said that it is the only state constitution to specify this, and the youth plaintiffs in Held v State of Montana are holding the state to the letter of this supreme law of the state of Montana.

In this special Ecotones edition of Forthright Radio, we bring you the testimony of two of the youth plaintiffs from Bozeman, MT, Claire Vlases and Georgianna “Georgi” Fischer. Although they and the other 14 youth plaintiffs are the first to have their case heard in the United States, they are by no means alone in their efforts. There are at least five other youth led climate change suits.

In the matter of Juliana v United States, filed by 21 young Americans in 2015, in the US District Court in Oregon, asserting that the federal government’s fossil fuel energy system and its affirmative actions that cause climate change violate their constitutional rights to life, liberty, and property, as well as their rights to essential public trust resources like air and water. It had seemed that the legal maneuvers by the administrations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump had succeeded in blocking their efforts. However on June 1, 2023, Federal Judge Ann Aiken, of the US District Court in Oregon, granted their motion to amend their complaint, putting their case back on track to trial, where evidence of the government’s conduct will be heard in open court.

These 21 youth plaintiffs are seeking a judicial declaration that the US fossil fuel energy system is unconstitutional, and violates their fundamental right to a safe climate. According to ourchildrenstrust.org’s website, “A victory in their case would mean that U.S. climate and energy policy – whether executive or legislative in nature, and regardless of political majority or party – would need to adhere to the court’s declaratory judgment, protecting the rights of our nation’s children and ending the physical and mental harm they have experienced due to the actions of their own government.”

However on June 22, 2023, The Department of Justice of the Biden Administration filed yet another motion to dismiss Juliana v. United States, one day after receiving an online petition signed by more than 255 organizations and over 50,000 individuals delivered by the People vs. Fossil Fuels coalition, urging Attorney General Merrick Garland to end opposition to the Juliana case proceeding to trial, and only two days after the plaintiffs rested their case in Held v. State of Montana, which now awaits the decision of Judge Cathy Seeley.

Meanwhile, the 14 youth plaintiffs in Navahine F. v Hawaii Department of Transportation, whose case was filed in June of 2022, succeeded on April 6, 2023 when the Environmental Court of First Circuit in Honolulu denied the State’s motion to dismiss. They are awaiting a trial date to be determined, after their motion to maintain their September, 2023 trial date was denied, when Judge Crabtree granted the State’s motion to continue the trial date to give the State more time to prepare their defense.

‘I cried like 10 times’: Bozeman plaintiffs reflect on youth climate trial https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/environment/i-cried-like-10-times-bozeman-plaintiffs-reflect-on-youth-climate-trial/article_bbdb990a-11dc-11ee-aa76-a7baaf9171d7.html

Claire Vlases – Solar Makes Sense http://kgvm.org/show/claire-vlases-solar-makes-sense/

‘Nothing Short of Outrageous’: Attorneys for Youth Climate Plaintiffs Blast Biden DOJ https://www.commondreams.org/news/doj-dismiss-juliana-climate

Held v State of Montana Day 7 Closing Arguments

This special edition of Ecotones is the final daily audio digest of the historic Held v State of Montana trial.

On the final day of this trial, one day before the summer solstice, on June 20, 2023, closing arguments were given before Judge Kathy Seeley, presiding judge of the Lewis and Clark District Court in Helena, MT.

Our Children’s Trust Senior Staff Attorney, Nate Bellinger, delivered the plaintiffs’ closing arguments, followed by Montana Assistant Attorney General, Michael Russell, delivering closing arguments for the State.

Judge Kathy Seeley presides as plaintiffs’ attorney, Nate Bellinger, delivers closing arguments.

Before these remarks, plaintiffs’ attorney Philip Gregory, offered further information attacking the credibility of the State’s lone outside expert witness, economist Dr. Terry Anderson, submitting a report documenting errors of his sources and information, and asking the court to take judicial notice, which the court granted. The audio of this portion of the proceedings, which came before the closing arguments was problematic, and our best efforts only made marginal improvements, so we have put this portion at the end of this recording after the closing arguments.

Held v State of Montana – Day 6 Part 2 Cross Examination of Sonja Nowakowski & final witness, Dr. Terry Anderson

This is a special edition of Ecotones, Part 2 of our daily audio digest for June 19, 2023, Day 6 of the historic Held v State of Montana. It was the second week of the trial, which began on June 12, 2023 in the Lewis & Clark County District Court in Helena, MT – Judge Kathy Seeley presiding. Attorneys for The 16 youth plaintiffs rested their case on Friday, June 16th.

Because of limited radio broadcast time, we had to leave Part 1 of the June 19, 2023 session after the direct examination of Sonja Nowakowski, Administrator for the Air, Energy, and Mining Division at Montana DEQ. We now continue with the cross examination of Administrator Nowakowski by Barbara Chillcott, Senior attorney with the Western Environmental Law Center (WELC).

This is followed by The final of only 3 state witnesses, Dr. Terry Anderson, an economist and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and emeritus professor at Montana State University. He presented a brief testimony of under 15 minutes of carefully limited inquiry from defense attorneys related to Energy Information Administration data on GHG emissions.

Under blistering cross examination by plaintiff attorney, Philip Gregory, Of Counsel with Our Children’s Trust, who asked about errors in his math and misinterpretation of data in Dr. Anderson’s expert report. The State initially objected, stating the questions exceeded the scope of their direct examination, which consisted of only five questions. However, plaintiffs’ counsel argued that the cross examination went to credibility of the witness. Judge Kathy Seeley overruled the State’s objections, allowing Mr. Gregory to pursue beyond scope of the direct to probe questions of his credibility.

The state had originally listed Dr. Judith Curry as one of their expert witnesses, however they withdrew her name last week without explanation, after pre-rebuttals by numerous plaintiff’s expert witnesses.

Held v State of Montana – Day 6 Daily Digest Christopher Dorrington & Sonja Nowakowski

This special edition of Ecotones is a daily audio digest for June 19, 2023, Day 6 of the historic Held v State of Montana. It was the second week of the trial, which began on June 12, 2023 in the Lewis & Clark County District Court in Helena, MT – Judge Kathy Seeley presiding. Attorneys for The 16 youth plaintiffs rested their case on Friday, June 16th.

Today, The State of Montana’s Defense attorney, Lee McKenna of the Montana Dept. of Environmental Quality, called Christopher Dorrington, the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality to the stand. After answering her questions, he was cross examined by plaintiff attorney, Melissa Hornbein, senior attorney with Western Environmental Law Center (WELC). Director Christopher Norrington, was appointed to his position by Governor Gianforte in 2021.

The defense then called Sonja Nowakowski, Administrator for the Air, Energy, and Mining Division at Montana DEQ. In this edition we hear her testimony. But Due to broadcast time limitations, the cross examination of Ms Nowakowski by plaintiff attorney, Barbara Chillcott, senior attorney with WELC, will be in the next edition of Ecotones’ Daily Audio Diary.

As you will hear, Judge Seeley was called upon to make far more rulings on objections than during the first week.